HUBBLE SERVICING.
YOU MAY WONDER WHAT IS
SERVICING.
THE SAME WAY YOU TAKE IN YOUR
DOOR GET THE OIL CHANGED.
STYLES SATELLITES IN SPACE NEED
A LITTLE HELP.
LUCKILY TODAY WE HAVE A PANEL OF
ASTRONAUTS FROM AM THE HUBBLE
SERVICING MISSIONS HERE TO TELL
US A LITTLE ABOUT THEIR
EXPERIENCE AND ABOUT SERVICING.
STAY TUNED FOR A GREAT SHOW.
TAKE IT AWAY.
>> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU, ERIN.
GOOD AFTERNOON I'M GEORGE
MORROW.
I'M THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE
GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER.
I SUPPORTED THE HUBBLE PROJECT
AT THE TIME OF THE DEPLOYMENT
MISSION.
I WAS THE OBSERVATORY
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATOR FOR
THE FIRST SERVICING MISSION.
HARD TO BELIEVE THAT WAS 25
YEARS AGO.
I STILL CAN'T BELIEVE IT.
I WAS THE FLIGHT SYSTEMS AND
SERVICING DEPUTY PROJECT MANAGER
FOR THE SECOND SERVICING
MISSION.
I HAVE QUITE A BACKGROUND ON
HUBBLE.
THE AGENDA THIS MORNING
CONCENTRATED ON THE SITUATION
NASA FOUND ITSELF IN AFTER
HUBBLE'S LAUNCH.
WHEN IT WAS DISCOVERED THE MAIN
MIRROR WAS NOT CONFIGURED
CORRECTLY.
THEN THE HEROIC FIRST MISSION TO
CORRECT IT WAS DISCUSSED.
THERE WOULD BE FIVE SERVICING
MISSIONS THAT REQUIRED YEARS OF
PREPARATORY WORK ON THE GROUND
BY SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS.
AFTER ALL THE TOOLS WERE
DEVELOPED, THE HARDWARE FOR THE
OBSERVATORY BUILT AND TESTED,
AND FINISHED, IT FELL TO 32
ASTRONAUTS TO EXECUTE THESE
MISSIONS AND THE ORIGINAL
DEPLOYMENT MISSION.
EACH MISSION HAD IT'S OWN
OVERALL PURPOSE.
SOME WERE TO SAVE HUBBLE.
IT WAS HOBBLED BY THE BLURRED
VISION OR INCAPACITATED.
OTHER MISSIONS WERE CREATED TO
EXPAND HUBBLE'S VISION WITH NEW
INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO DETECT
DIFFERENT WAVE LENGTHS.
ONE WAS TO OUTFIT IT TO LAST AS
LONG AS POSSIBLE.
EACH MISSION HAD ITS OWN SET OF
CHALLENGES.
YET THEY ALL HAD THE SAME
AMAZING RESULT.
THE ASTRONAUTS EXCEEDED IN EVERY
TASK ON EVERY MISSION, MAKING
EACH FLIGHT A COMPLETE
SUCCESSION.
WE ARE FORTUNATE TO HAVE SEVEN
ASTRONAUTS REPRESENTING THE
DEPLOYMENT MISSION AND ALL FIVE
SERVICING MISSIONS TODAY.
THEY ARE HERE TO TELL US ABOUT
THE CHALLENGES OF WORKING IN
SPACE.
LET'S MEET THEM.
THE FIRST, HE PILOTED TWO
SHUTTLE MISSIONS, INCLUDING
STS-31 THAT DEPLOYED HUBBLE AND
MANNED TWO DIFFERENT MISSIONS
INCLUDING THE HISTORIC FIRST
JOINT AMERICAN-RUSSIAN SPACE
SHUTTLE MISSION IN 1994.
HE HAS A DISTINGUISHED 34-YEAR
CAREER IN THE MARINE CORPS THAT
INCLUDED FLYING OVER 100 COMBAT
MISSIONS OVER SOUTHEAST ASIAN.
HE WOULD SERVE AS ADMINISTRATOR
OF NASA FOR OVER SEVEN YEARS.
HE IS CURRENTLY AN INDEPENDENT
CONSULTATN IN NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS.
PLEASE WELCOME MAJOR GENERAL
CHARLES BOLDEN.
[APPLAUSE]
THE SECOND IS A VETERAN OF FIVE
SHUTTLE FLIGHTS.
ON HIS FIRST MISSION, HE MADE
THE FIRST STS CONTINGENCY
SPACEWALK AND ATTEMPTED RESCUE
OF A MALFUNCTIONING SATELLITE.
HIS FOURTH FLIGHT, HE WOULD
CONDUCT THREE EVAs AS PART OF
THE FIRST SERVICING MISSION AND
INSTALLED THE HISTORIC WIDE
FIELD PLANETARY CAMERA 2.
HE WOULD BECOME NASA'S EUROPEAN
REPRESENTATIVE IN PARIS.
HE IS CURRENTLY AT THE AMERICAN
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND
ASTRONAUTICS.
PLEASE WELCOME DR. JEFFREY
HOFFMAN.
SHE WAS A MISSION SPECIALIST ON
FOUR SHUTTLE FLIGHTS.
HER FIRST FLIGHT WAS A
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MISSION.
HER SECOND WAS ON THE MAIDEN
VOYAGE OF SPACE SHUTTLE
ENDEAVOUR, WHERE THEY EVALUATED
SPACE STATION ASSEMBLY
TECHNIQUES.
HER THIRD FLIGHT WAS THE FIRST
SERVICING MISSION WHERE SHE
INSTALLED COSTAR, A ROBOTIC
DEVICE THAT COMPENSATED FOR THE
INACCURATELY CONFIGURED MIRROR.
SHE IS A PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL
AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING AT MY
ALMA MATER, THE UNIVERSITY OF
VIRGINIA.
PLEASE WELCOME DR. KATHRYN
THORNTON.
HE FLEW FOUR SHUTTLE MISSIONS
INCLUDING THE ONE THAT LAUNCHED
THE MAGELLAN PROBE TO VENUS.
HUBBLE'S SECOND SERVICING
MISSION, HE PERFORMED THREE
EVAs AND INSTALLED TWO NEW
INSTRUMENTS.
THE SPACE TELESCOPE SPECTROGRAPH
AND THE NEAR-INFRARED CAMERA AND
A MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING.
HE COMPLETED HIS DISTINGUISHED
CAREER FLYING F-4s AND F-16s
AND HAS BEEN IN THE UNITED
STATES AIR FORCE AND IS THE
DIRECTOR OF AEROSPACE FACILITIES
FOR ENGINEERING, INCORPORATED.
PLEASE WELCOME COLONEL MARK LEE.
[APPLAUSE]
>> OUR NEXT ASTRONAUT VISITED
HUBBLE MORE THAN ANY OTHER WITH
THREE SERVICING MISSIONS TO HIS
CREDIT.
HE CONDUCTED EIGHT SPACEWALKS.
HE FLEW ON TWO EARLIER SHUTTLE
MISSIONS INCLUDING ONE TO THE
RUSSIAN SPACE STATION MIR.
HE WOULD SERVE AS NASA's CHIEF
SCIENTIST AND LEAD ALL SCIENCE
FOR NASA AS ASSOCIATED
ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE SCIENCE
MISSION DIRECTOR OF NASA
HEADQUARTERS.
HE IS CURRENTLY AN EMERITUS
SCIENTIST WORKING ON HUBBLE
OBSERVATIONS OF THE EUROPA AND
COLLABORATING WITH GODDARD AND
JPL ON THE DESIGN OF THE NEXT
GENERATION OF SERVICEABLE
TELESCOPES.
PLEASE WELCOME DR. JOHN
GRUNSFELD.
>> HE PILOTED TWO SHUTTLE
MISSIONS AND SERVED AS COMMANDER
OF THE LAST TWO HUBBLE SERVICING
MISSIONS.
HE WAS ASSIGNED TO NASA
HEADQUARTERS AS DEPUTY DIRECTOR
OF THE EXPLORATION SYSTEMS
MISSION DIRECTOR AND LATER
SERVED AS CHIEF OF THE
EXPLORATION BRANCH OF THE
ASTRONAUT OFFICE.
HE WAS AN ACCOMPLISHED PILOT IN
THE NAVY FLYING F-14A AND F-14B
TOMCATS, A NATIVE OF HOLLYWOOD.
HE DEBUTED BUZZING THE TOWER IN
THE MOVIE "TOP GUN."
HE IS THE SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
FOR CIVIL PROGRAMS AT AEROSPACE
AND MISSION SYSTEMS.
PLEASE WELCOME CAPTAIN SCOTT
ALTMAN.
[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
>> LAST, BUT CERTAINLY NOT
LEAST.
HE IS A VETERAN OF THE LAST TWO
HUBBLE SERVICING MISSIONS.
HE PERFORMED FOUR SPACEWALKS AND
WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO REPAIR
AN INSTRUMENT IN SPACE.
AN ACTIVITY THAT IS NOT
DESIGNED.
HE HOLDS FIVE DEGREES AND HAS
BEEN ON THE FACULTY OF RICE AND
GEORGIA TECH AND NOW IS
PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING AT COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY.
TODAY WE GET TO SEE HIM HERE
LIVE.
PLEASE WECOME DR. MICHAEL
MASSIMINO.
[APPLAUSE]
>> GREAT TO HAVE ALL OF YOU
HERE.
PLEASE MAKE YOURSELVES
COMFORTABLE.
SO WE ARE REALLY CHOMPING AT THE
BIT TO HEAR ABOUT THE CHALLENGES
AND LESSONS LEARNED ACROSS ALL
THE MISSIONS.
EACH HAD ITS OWN AMAZING
STORIES.
WE'LL HEAR FROM THEM.
I'LL ASK THEM SOME THINGS AND
LET THEM TALK ABOUT THEM.
SO, FIRST, REALLY FOR CHARLES,
CHARLEY I'D LIKE TO ASK YOU THE
FIRST QUESTION.
AS A FORMER ASTRONAUT
PERSPECTIVE, AS WELL AS FROM A
NASA ADMINISTRATIVE PERSPECTIVE,
WHAT DO YOU THINK FOR THE TOP
ONE OR TWO MOST CHALLENGING
ASPECTS OF HUBBLE SERVICING?
>> OH, I'M NOT THE RIGHT PERSON
TO ASK, FIRST OF ALL, SINCE I
WAS NOT A SERVICER.
BUT I CAN TELL YOU ABOUT ONE OR
TWO OF THE MOST CHALLENGING
THINGS ABOUT DELIVERING IT AND
THE PEOPLE HERE AT GODDARD
PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN WORKING
THROUGH IT.
ONE WAS GETTING IT OUT OF THE
PAYLOAD BAY WHEN WE HAD THE ROE
MOAT SYSTEM AND THE ROBOTIC ARM
DIDN'T WORK EXACTLY THE WAY THAT
WE HAD TRAINED.
IT ACTUALLY WAS NOT ACCUSTOMED,
I THINK, TO JUST THE MASS OF
HUBBLE.
SO WE STARTED WHAT WAS TO BE A
STRAIGHTFORWARD, LIFT IT OUT.
DR. STEVE HARLEY, THE RNS
OPERATOR SAU IT WAS BEGINNING TO
PITCH AND ROLL AND DO ALL SORTS
OF THINKS.
I WAS CALLED TO DO MY DUTY,
WHICH WAS TO READ HIM NUMBERS SO
HE COULD KEEP IT STRAIGHT AS WE
TOOK WHAT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE A
57 OR 10 MINUTE EVOLUTION AND
TURN IT INTO AN HOUR OR MORE.
THEN WE GOT HIGH GAIN ANTENNA,
THE FIRST SOLAR ARRAY OUT, THE
SECOND STARTED.
I THINK WE GOT 16-INCHES OUT AND
IT STOPPED.
WE SPENT THE REST OF THE DAY
TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WAS
WRONG.
IF I GET THIS STORY WRONG,
SOMEBODY IN THE AUDIENCE SAY
"THAT'S NOT RIGHT."
WE WERE TOLD THERE WAS A YOUNG
ENGINEER AT GODDARD WHO SAID I
DON'T THINK THERE IS ANYTHING
MECHANICALLY WRONG, I THINK IT'S
SOMETHING CALLED THE TENSION
MONITORING MODULE.
THE LATE BRUCE McCANDLESS, AS
SOON AS IT STOPPED, HE SAYS, I
THINK IT'S THE TENSION
MONITORING MODULE.
FOR THOSE WHO KNEW BRUCE, WE
LOOKED AT HIM AND SAID, WHAT THE
HELL IS A TENSION MONITORING
MODULE?
SEVERAL HOURS LATER IT TURNED
OUT THAT THAT IS WHAT IT WAS.
IT TURNED THE 1 INTO A 0.
THE SOLAR ARRAY WENT OUT.
WE TESTED TO GET INTO AN
APPROPRIATE ATTITUDE AND
DEPLOYED IT.
THOSE ARE TWO OF THE THINGS THAT
ALMOST KEPT HUBBLE FROM BEING
HUBBLE.
BRUCE AND CATHY DIDN'T GET TO
SEE IT DEPLOYED BECAUSE THEY
WERE IN THE AIRLOCK AND GETTING
READY TO PERFORM A MANUAL DEPLOY
OF THE SOLAR ARRAY.
>> EVEN ON THE MISSION WE WERE
TRAINING FOR CONTINGENCIES.
I REMEMBER THAT VERY WELL.
>> ANOTHER MINUTE OR TWO TO
RESET THAT MONITORING DEVICE,
THE AIRLOCK WOULD HAVE BEEN OPEN
AND WE WOULD HAVE BEEN OUT OF
THERE.
THAT IS WHY THEY HAVE NEVER
FORGIVEN ME TO THIS DAY.
THEY BLAME ME FOR THE GUYS AT
GODDARD BEING VERY EFFICIENT.
>> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU,
CHARLES.
LET'S SEE, FOR JEFF AND KATHY,
MAYBE.
YOU HAD THE HONOR OF BEING
ASSIGNED TO THE FIRST SERVICING
MISSION, WHICH WAS MUCH MORE
COMPLEX THAN ANYTHING THAT HAD
BEEN DONE PREVIOUSLY.
WHAT WORRIED YOU THE MOST BEFORE
LAUNCH?
>> THIS MISSION WAS CERTAINLY
THE MOST COMPLEX SHUTTLE MISSION
THAN HAD EVER BEEN ATTEMPTED.
AND THERE WAS SO MANY PEOPLE
ALONG THE LINES WHO HAD FELT
THAT IT WAS TOO COMPLICATED.
THE CHANCES OF IT WORKING RIGHT
WERE TOO SMALL.
BUT WHEN YOU REALLY COME DOWN TO
IT, I THINK THE THING THAT GOES
THROUGH THE MIND OF EVERYBODY,
WHEN YOU ARE GETTING IN THE
AIRLOCK, "DON'T SCREW UP."
I DON'T WANT TO BE THE PERSON
WHO BREAKS SOMETHING IN THIS
TELESCOPE THAT ISN'T ALREADY
BROKEN.
OF COURSE, WE HAD TO GET OUR JOB
DONE, WHICH WE DID.
>> I WAS CONCERNED THAT THE
INSTRUMENTS WEREN'T GOING TO
SLIDE IN THERE LIKE THEY WERE
SUPPOSED TO.
WE TOUCHED AN ORBIT BEFORE THAT
AND THERE WAS SMOKE PROBLEM AND
SOME WORK-AROUND TO GET IT TO
WORK.
I WOULD ABOUT THE YOU MONEY WE
WOULD HAVE RUN INTO SOMETHING
INSTALLING THE COSTAR AND THE
WFPC2, THAT SOMETHING WASN'T
BUILT TO THE DRAWINGS OR IT
WOULDN'T HAVE GONE IN.
WE WOULD HAVE HAD TO BACK OUT
AND THINK ABOUT IT SOME MORE,
BUT IT'S WAS AMAZING, THANKS TO
THE FOLKS AT GODDARD THAT
MAINTAINED THE HIGH FIDELITY
SIMULATOR.
>> THE CONFIGURATION CONTROL,
MADE IT EXACTLY WHAT TOOLS WOULD
GO ON WHAT BOLTS AND EVERYTHING.
THAT HAD A LOT OF
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE SUCCESS
OF THE MISSION.
YOU CAN'T FORGET ABOUT THAT.
>> AS I REMEMBER WORKING THE
MISSION, FRANK CEPOLLINA'S
MANTRA WAS TEST, TEST, AND
RETEST.
TRAIN, TRAIN, AND RETRAIN.
IT PAID OFF.
>> SO YOU ACTUALLY
EXPERIENCED -- YOU BOTH ACTUALLY
EXPERIENCED SOME UNEXPECTED
CHALLENGES DURING THE MISSION.
CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT SOME IDEAS
MIGHT BE THE DOORS, CHASING A
SCREW, MAYBE THE IMAGE OF THE
SOLAR PANEL.
>> WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE GREAT
SCREW CHASE.
WE TALKED ABOUT THE DOOR THIS
MORNING.
IN THE LAST EVA, WE WENT OVER
THESE TWO SOLAR ARRAY DRIVER
ELECTRONICS, VERY SIMPLE PIECES
OF EQUIPMENT.
CHANCES OF FAILURE ARE VERY
SMALL.
THERE ARE TWO OF THEM.
SO THEY WEREN'T ACTUALLY
DESIGNED TO BE WHAT WE CALL EVA
COMPATIBLE.
INSTEAD OF ONE BIG BOLT, THE
PEOPLE OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER
SCSI CONNECTORS, THERE WERE
EIGHT SCSI CONNECTORS,
2-MILLIMETER SCREWS WHICH ARE
SUPPOSED TO BE CAPPED IN, BUT UP
IN SPACE, THE WIRES DON'T LIE ON
THE GROUND.
THEY ARE SORT OF FLOATING.
AS THEY FLOAT AROUND AND THE
SCREWS START TO SPIN, HALF OF
THEM SPIN CLOCKWISE, WHICH IS
OKAY.
THE OTHER HALF SPINS
COUNTER-CLOCKWISE AND THEY COME
OUT.
AS YOU DO THE WORK TO REMOVE
THESE AND PUT NEW ONES IN -- ONE
OF THEM DID FALL OUT.
WE HAD TO REPLACE IT IN A SECOND
MISSION.
WE WERE BASICALLY THESE LITTLE
2-MILLIMETER SCREWS WERE
FLOATING AROUND.
WE HAVE LITTLE TRASH CONTAINERS
THAT WE HAVE ON OUR CHEST.
YOU GRAB A SCREW AND PUT IT IN.
AFTER A WHILE, WHEN YOU WOULD
OPEN THE TRASH CONTAINER TO PUT
ANOTHER SCREW IN, TWO SCREWS
WOULD COME OUT.
IT'S A DEFUSION PROCESS.
THEY SINCE REDESIGNED THOSE
TRASH CONTAINERS SO THAT
WOULDN'T HAPPEN.
WE LEARNED A LOT.
AT ONE POINT, STORY WAS IN THERE
WITH HIS FEET LOCKED IN.
HIS MOBILITY WAS LIMITED.
STORY REACHED FOR A SCREW.
DIDN'T QUITE GET IT.
TAPPED IT SO THAT THE CREW WAS
HEADED DOWN TOWARDS THE BAY,
WHICH YOU DON'T REALLY WANT
STUFF FLOATING AROUND IN THERE.
IT COULD GET INTO A PIECE OF A
MOTOR OR SOMETHING.
I TRIED TO GRAB IT.
BUT IT WAS ABOUT A FOOT FARTHER
THAN I COULD REACH.
CLAUDE, WHO WAS OPERATING THE
ARM, SAID, OKAY, HOLD ON, JEFF,
I'LL DRIVE THE ARM AND YOU CAN
GET IT.
TURNED OUT THE MAXIMUM SPEED AT
WHICH THE ARM COULD MOVE WAS
EXACTLY THE SPEED THAT THE SCREW
WAS MOVING AWAY.
SO AS I WAS MOVING -- AHGH.
THIS IS WHERE THE TRAINING COMES
IN.
KEN BOWERSOX, WHO WAS THE
BACKUP, REMEMBERED THAT THERE
WAS A CERTAIN BIT IN THE
SOFTWARE THAT TELLS THE ARM IT
IS LOADED.
IF THE ARM IS LOADED, WITH A
SATELLITE OR A PERSON, ITS
MAXIMUM SPEED IS LIMITED.
SO HE QUICKLY FLOATED OVER,
RESET THAT BIT TO TELL THE ARM
IT WAS NOT LOADED.
THE ARM SPEEDED UP AND I WAS
ABLE TO GET THE SCREW.
THAT WAS THE GREAT SCREW CHASE.
[LAUGHTER]
>> I WAS TALKING ABOUT -- THERE
WAS ANOTHER CHASE F YOU
REMEMBER, AT THE ENDS OF THE
EVA.
THERE WAS A SCREW THAT GOT AWAY
FROM HIM.
YOU HAVE ALL OF THIS STUFF
FLOATING AROUND AND SOME OF IT
IS JUNK.
SOMETIMES YOU DON'T KNOW IF IT'S
CONNECTED OR NOT.
THIS WHOLE STRINGER WAS NOT
CONNECTED AND IT GOT AWAY FROM
STORY.
STORY JUST SAID, "UP, CLAUDE."
HE SAW THE TOOLS AND THE ARM
WENT UP.
HE NEVER REPORTED THAT TO THE
GROUND.
GROUND ONLY HEARD "UP, CLAUDE."
WHICH IS NOTE AN UNUSUAL COMMAND
TO HEAR.
THE THING I GOT TO DO WHICH IS
SOMETHING THEY TRAINED FOR, BUM
NOT EXPECTED, THAT IS THE SOLAR
ARRAYS INTO ORBIT.
ONE OF THEM ROLLED UP JUST LIKE
IT WAS SUPPOSED TO.
THE OTHER WAS RETRACTING.
THERE WAS A KINK IN THE STAND.
IT WASN'T GOING TO RETRACT
PROPERLY.
AS SOON AS HE SAW IT GO FLAT, HE
STROM THE RETRACTION.
WE KNEW WE WOULD HAVE TO GO OUT
AND TOSS IT OVERBOARD.
WE WENT OUT TO EVA 2, OUR FIRST
JOB, TO GO UP AND DISCONNECT IT.
I HAD A HAND FIXTURE IN THE
HOLD.
TOM DISCONNECTED IT FROM THE
TELESCOPE, THE ELECTRICAL
CONNECTION IN THE DARK, SO IT
WASN'T PRODUCING ELECTRICITY.
THEN HE MOVED ME AND THE PHOTO
ARRAY OUT THEREOF AND WE WAITED
UNTIL SUNRISE.
WE WANTED TO SEE THE SOLAR ARRAY
AS WE WERE DRIFTING AWAY FROM IT
TO MAKE SURE THERE WAS NO
CONTACT.
I WAS JUST HANGING IN THERE
HOLDING THE THING.
ONE OF THE OTHER CONCERNS THAT
WE HAD ON THE GROUND BEFORE
FLIGHT WAS THAT IF I EVER GOT IN
A POSITION WHERE I HAD TO HOLD
OUT AND DO NOTHING FOR A WHILE
THAT I WOULD GET VERY COLD.
MY RESTING METABOLIC RATE IS
LOWER THAN THE MINUTE HEAT
PRODUCED IN THE SUIT.
THEN YOU PUT ON THE OVERGLOVES,
AS IF THE GLOVES AREN'T CLUMSY
ENOUGH.
I HAD OVERGLOVES OVER THE TOP OF
THOSE.
I HELD ON TO IT UNTIL THE SUN
CAME UP.
THEN EVERYBODY GOT IN POSITION,
TOM GOT IN POSITION WHERE HE
COULD SEE WHAT IS GOING ON.
I TURNED LOOSE.
I DIDN'T SHOVE IT.
IT LOOKED LIKE I DID.
I LET IT GO.
CLAUDE MOVED ME BACK AWAY FROM
IT.
KEN BOWERSOX FIRED THE JET TO
SEPARATE THE ORBITER FROM THE
SOLAR ARRAY.
YOU SEE VIDEO OF THAT, WHEN THE
JET PLUME HIT THE SOLAR ARRAY,
IT BENT OVER AND FLAPPED BACK.
IT LOOKED LIKE A GIANT
PTERODACTYL CRUISING OVER THE
DESERTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST.
IT WAS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL,
MESMERIZING IMAGE.
I HAD THE BEST VIEW.
I HUNG OUT THERE AND WATCHED FOR
A WHILE.
WE ALL DID, UNTIL WE DECIDED WE
HAD TO GET BACK TO WORK.
>> IT WAS AN AMAZING THING TO
WATCH FROM THE GROUND.
MARK, YOU HAD YOUR OWN
CHALLENGES DURING THE MISSION.
THE FIRST INVOLVED SOME PAINT
AND HAND RAILS.
WOULD YOU TELL US ABOUT THAT?
>> WELL, WHEN WE FINALLY HUBBLE
HAD BEEN UP THERE SIX YEARS AND
IT WAS THE FIRST TIME WE SAW IT
IN SPACE FOR THAT LENGTH OF
TIME.
SOME OF THE HANDRAILS HAD THE
PAINT, THE YELLOW PAINT AND IT
CAME OFF.
AS IT CAME OFF T STAYED IN ONE
PIECE.
IT JUST WRAPPED AROUND THE
HANDRAILS LIKE A CURLY Q FRY
SITTING ON THE HANDRAIL.
IT'S ONE OF THOSE THINGS WHERE
THE REGULATIONS, YOU HAVE TO
PAINT THE HANDLE YELLOW.
IT'S NOT LIKE WE DIDN'T KNOW THE
HANDLE AND HAVING PAINTS ON THEM
FOR 25 YEARS, YOU LOOK BACK AT
IT.
THAT PROBABLY DIDN'T MAKE A LOT
OF SENSE.
IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN HANDLEBARS
OR SOMETHING ELSE IF YOU WANTED
TO HIGHLIGHT THEM.
THE OTHER THING ABOUT HUBBLE,
YOU LOOK AT THE PICTURE, YOU SEE
THIS BEAUTIFUL THING, EVEN FROM
INSIDE OF THE CABIN.
YOU GO NEXT TO IT AND THERE ARE
ALL KINDS EVER CRATERS LIKE
GRAINS EVER SAND, THINGS THAT
HAVE HIT IT.
IT'S LIKE LOOKING AT THE MOON.
IT'S LIKE IT'S TAKEN SOME HITS.
OTHER THINGS AS A RESULT OF
BEING UP THERE, I DON'T KNOW IF
THEY NOTICED IT ON MISSION 1 OR
NOT.
AS WE UNDID THE BOLTS, THE
PLATING ON THE BOLTS, I THINK
WAS NICKING PLATING, WAS COMING
OFF AS WELL.
SO YOU HAD DEBRIS FROM THE PAINT
ON THE HANDRAILS AND LITTLE
PIECES OF METAL OR METAL PLATING
THAT WERE COMING OFF.
EVERYBODY TALKED ABOUT IT
BEFORE.
THAT KIND OF STUFF INSIDE
HUBBLE, IT CAN GET UP --
RESULTING IN PARTICLES THAT HAVE
BEEN UP THERE, IT COULD AFFECT
THINGS ON BOARD.
IT WAS SOMETHING THAT OVER TIME
WE STARTED TO SEE A LITTLE BIT
MORE OF THE DEGRADATION.
PART OF THE LESSONS LEARNED THAT
IS SATELLITE CAN BE UP THERE FOR
A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND PEOPLE
WILL GO BACK TO.
I DON'T THINK THEY EXPECTED THE
BOLTS TO FALL APART.
I DON'T THINK THEY EXPECTED THE
PAINT TO COME OFF LIKE THAT.
WE LEARNED SOME THINGS LIKE
THAT.
WE ALSO HAD EXPERIENCE WITH THE
EXTERNAL -- ON HUBBLE DEGRADING.
>> THAT IS ANOTHER ONE.
SOMEONE HERE CAN TELL ME IF THEY
ANTICIPATED THAT.
REMOVING THE BASICALLY ALUMINUM
FOIL ON THE DOORS, BECAUSE OF
THE HEAT.
IT WILL CYCLE BACK AND FORTH AND
GET FATIGUED AND PIECES OF IT
WERE STARTING TO COME OFF.
IT WASN'T DOING ITS JOB ANYMORE
BECAUSE IT LOOKED LIKE A SHEET
OF PAPER THAT HAD BEEN LIFT UP
AND WAS STILL HANGING ON.
CAN SOMEONE TELL ME IF THEY
ANTICIPATED HAVING -- THEY ARE
RAISING THEIR HAND.
DID YOU ANTICIPATE THAT
HAPPENING?
[INAUDIBLE]
[LAUGHTER]
>> WE HAD TO PUT TOGETHER
INSIDE, THE GUYS INSIDE, HE WAS
A PILOT AND HE HAD TO FASHION
SOME MAKESHIFT PANELS TO PUT ON,
WHICH WERE THEN ON SUBSEQUENT
MISSIONS IN PLACE.
IT WAS SOMETHING THAT I DIDN'T
KNOW ABOUT.
IT WAS IN SPACE THAT LENGTH OF
TIME.
>> IT SEEMS LIKE THE FIRST
SERVICING MISSION WAS JUST THE
RIGHT AMOUNT OF TIME IN ORBIT
FOR HUBBLE TO HAVE THE MATERIALS
ISSUES SHOWING UP.
BOTH THE HANDRAILS AND THEN THE
INSULATION WERE WORKED ON IN
SUBSEQUENT MISSIONS.
MOVING ON TO THE SCOTT, JOHN AND
MASS.
YOU WERE BOTH IN SM3B AND 4.
THERE WAS A DIFFICULT MISSION,
CAN YOU DESCRIBE AND TALK ABOUT
THAT FOR US?
>> LIKE ALL THE MISSIONS, WE HAD
AN AMBITIOUS PROFILE.
AND ON THE THIRD EVA, OUR JOB
WAS TO REPLACE THE POWER CONTROL
UNIT.
THIS IS THE CENTRAL SWITCH BACK
FOR HUBBLE.
THAT IN ITSELF WAS CHALLENGINGEN
WE HAD 36 CONNECTORS WE HAD TO
REMOVE THAT WERE NOT INTENDED TO
BE REPLACED.
SIMPLE S BARS AND LITTLE
SWITCHES, LITTLE RELAYS.
BUT WE HAD TO CHANGE IT.
IN FACT, I REMEMBER ED WEILER
GOING TO SEE DAN GOLDEN TO BRIEF
HIM.
IT WAS BIG ENOUGH WORK FOR THE
HUBBLE THAT IF WE DIDN'T FIX IT,
WE KNEW WE WOULD LOSE THE HUBBLE
IN A PERIOD OF YEARS.
IF WE TRIED TO FIX IT, IT'S A
GOOD CHANCE WE WOULD LOSE THE
HUBBLE DURING THE MISSION.
WE HAD FOR THE FIRST TIME IN
HUBBLE HISTORY AND FOR ANY
SPACECRAFT, ENTIRELY POWER IT
OFF.
AS SOON AS YOU POWER OFF A
SPACECRAFT.
IT STARTS STARTS GETTING COLD.
THERE IS A TIME CLOCK.
EVERYTHING IS CHOREOGRAPHED.
THERE WAS A MACRO OF COMMANDS
THAT WERE DEVELOPED A SUPER
COMMAND SET.
EVEN BEFORE THE EVA, ONE AFTER
ANOTHER STARTED SHUTTING DOWN
HUBBLE'S SYSTEMS.
AS WE STARTED INTO EVA PREPARE
THEY STARTED SHUTTING DOWN THE
HUBBLE.
WE GOT INTO OUR SPACE SUITS.
WE WERE UP AGAINST THE WALL
DOING OUR PREBRIEF, CHECKING THE
BLOODSTREAM.
THERE IS A STEP YOU GET TAKEN
OFF OF THE WALL TO FLOAT FREE IN
WITH YOUR SUIT BOLTED AROUND THE
WALL.
THEN YOU ARE RELEASED TO FLOAT
AROUND THE AIRLOCK.
THEY WERE UNLATCHING --
>> IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE,
EVERYBODY.
I DON'T KNOW WHO THOUGHT OF
THIS.
YOU THOUGHT EVERY 25 YEARS YOU
NEED TO HAVE A PARTY.
IT'S GREAT TO SEE ALL THE PEOPLE
HERE AND TO BE WITH THESE GUYS
AGAINEN THANKS FOR WHOEVER IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING THIS
HAPPEN.
WHAT HAPPENED ON THAT DAY, I WAS
THE NEW GUY ON THE CREW.
THERE WAS ANOTHER ROOKIE.
JIM NEWMAN AND I WERE IN THE
AIRLOCK.
JIM FELT -- I FELT WATER.
YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS WRONG.
YOU COULDN'T SEE A THING.
JOHN WAS TRYING TO GET MOVED
AROUND, NOT KNOWING REALLY WHAT
WAS HAPPENING.
JIM NOTICED ALL OF THIS WATER.
HE GRABBED THE TOWEL.
I REMEMBER SOMEONE SAID, I DON'T
KNOW WHO IT WAS.
SOMEONE SAID "ARE WE GOING TO BE
ABLE TO GO OUT?"
NEWMAN SAID NOT IN THIS SUIT,
HE'S NOT.
I REMEMBER GETTING INTO -- JOHN
STAYED IN THE SUIT THE WHOLE
TIME.
>> I WAS STILL IN THE SUIT.
>> WE WERE MAN-HANDLING YOU AND
THEN IT WAS DECIDED WE WOULD
HAVE TO RECONSIDER.
>> FACEDOWN ON THE MID DECK.
I'M THE COMMANDER.
I HAVEN'T TRAINED WITH THE SUIT
OR ANYTHING.
WE HAVE JOHN FACE DOWN, WIPING
OFF THIS THING.
SOMEBODY, IT WAS PROBABLY ME,
DISCONNECTED AND ALL OF A SUDDEN
HIS SUIT DEPRESSURIZED.
>> I FORGOT ABOUT THAT.
WE BROKE A LOT OF RULES.
>> I FORGOT ABOUT THAT.
THE THING IS, IF YOU HAVE WATER
ON THE BACK OF A SPACESUIT AND
YOU GO OUTSIDE, AS SOON AS UP
GET TO THAT PRESSURE, THAT WATER
WILL FLASH FREEZE.
IF THERE IS WATER ON THE
PLUMBING, WATER EXPANDS A LITTLE
AND IT WILL BREAK THE SUIT THAT
WOULD HAVE BEEN THE END OF ME.
THEN WE WOULDN'T HAVE FINISHED
THE EVA.
I WOULD HAVE BEEN DEAD.
THE GROUND IS FREEZING OUT
BECAUSE SUDDENLY THEY ARE
TURNING HUBBLE OFF AND PUT IN A
POSITION WHERE DO YOU UNDO THAT?
IT COULD TAKE HOURS TO CHANGE
THE SUIT.
THE SUIT IS TIGHT, YOU DIDN'T
HAVE TIME TO MANAGE THE WHOLE
THING ON BOARD, TO FIGURE OUT
HOW WE RECOVER.
WE TRAINED PRETTY WELL.
WE HAD TRAINED HOW TO RESIZE
SUITS AND CHANGE SUITS.
NOT IN PRESSURE.
WE SAID, YEAH, WE CAN SWITCH
SUITS.
WE HAD PARTS TO CHANGE.
I GOT A NEW SUIT.
JIM NEWMAN IS TALL, I'M 5'8".
WE HAD TO SHRINK A LITTLE BIT
AND CHANGE GLOVES AND ALL OF
THAT.
IN TRAINING, I HAD A RULE WHICH
IF YOU ARE GOING OUT EVA THAT
DAY, YOU DON'T HELP RE-SIZE THE
SUIT BECAUSE IT INVOLVES A LOT
OF INTENSE DIFFICULT HAND
OPERATIONS.
WE THREW THAT OUT THE WINDOW.
BECAUSE WE HAD TO GO.
I HAD NEVER RE-SIZED.
"OKAY, DO IT LIKE THIS."
IN AN HOUR WE RESIZED THE SUIT
AND I WAS BACK IN THE AIRLOCK.
>> I REMEMBER HE HOPPED RIGHT TO
IT TO HELP.
>> I GOT IN THE AIRLOCK.
I LOOKED OVER, RICK WAS SOUND
ASLEEP IN HIS SPACESUIT.
HANGING OUT ON THE WALL FOR A
COUPLE OF HOURS.
>> I THINK THAT SPACEWALK, WE
WERE SO CONCERNED ABOUT THAT EDA
AND THEN TO HAVE THIS HAPPEN
BEFORE TO EVEN GET OUT THE DOOR,
I WAS WORRIED ABOUT HOW LONG IT
WILL TAKE.
>> IT WAS, AND THIS TASK WAS SO
COMPLEX AND SO DIFFICULT THAT WE
HAD ALL OF ATHLETES PORTIONS,
YOU END UP AT THE END OF THE DAY
AND HALFWAY THROUGH WE WOULD
FIGURE OUT HOWE TO JERRY RIG
HUBBLE TO KEEP IS ALIVE
OVERNIGHT AND FINISH THE NEXT
DAY.
JIM AND MASSIMINO HAD BEEN
TRAINED HOW TO FINISH IT UP.
THE PEOPLE INVOLVED
INDIVIDUALLY, BUT IT WAS LED BY
FRANK CEPOLLINA, THE OPS TEAM,
THE FOLKS AT JOHNSON.
WE HAD TRAINED THE DIFFICULT
TEST OVER AND OVER AGAIN.
WE TALKED ABOUT IT THIS MORNING,
BUT A HIGH FIDELITY TRAINER.
EVERY NIGHT I WOULD DO THE TASK.
I HAD DONE THIS HUNDREDS OF
TIMES BEFORE WE GOT TO ORBIT.
EVERY WIRE AND THIS TOOK THE
AMOUNT OF TIME WE SAID IT WOULD.
>> PLUS THE HOUR, HOUR AND A
HALF FOR THE SUIT.
IT WAS STILL A LONG DAY.
WHAT IS AMAZING TO ME,
PERSONALLY, EVERYBODY ON BOARD
ACCOMMODATED THE FACT THAT WE
WERE ON THIS EVA, WE GOT BACK IN
THE GAME.
BUT THE HUBBLE OPS TEAM, THEY
WERE ABLE TO GET HUBBLE TO THE
RIGHT PLACE.
BY THE TIME WE WERE 15, 20
MINUTES INTO THE SPACEWALK, I
HAD TOTALLY FORGOTTEN WE HAD HAD
THE SUIT ISSUE.
EVERYBODY GOT RIGHT BACK ON
TRACK.
>> REMEMBER, WE WERE ON COLUMBIA
WHICH HAD AN INTERNAL AIRLOCK
STICKING IN THE MIDDLE MUCH THE
MID DECK.
WE WERE HAPPY WHEN THEY WERE
OUTSIDE BECAUSE THERE WAS A
LITTLE MORE ROOM INSIDE.
[LAUGHTER]
>> SO THE SAME MISSION, WE ALSO
HAD TROUBLE WITH A STRIPPED
SCREW ON THE HANDLE OF THE
SPECTROGRAPH.
TELL US ABOUT THAT.
>> RIGHT, THAT WAS -- YEAH,
TALKING ABOUT THE HANDRAIL,
TALKING ABOUT THE MISTAKE I
MADE.
YOU DIDN'T WANT TO SAY THAT.
IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY.
>> THAT'S FUNNY, MARKS, WE WERE
TALKING ABOUT THAT.
SAYING HOW FRANTIC -- EVERYONE
WAS NERVOUS.
I HEARD A LOT OF STORIES ABOUT
WHAT WAS GOING THROUGH THE
TEAM'S MIND WHEN WE HAD THE
STRIPPED-OUT SCREW.
LOOK, THIS TURNS INTO A GOOD
STORY.
AND IT HAS.
SO NOW YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF,
IT IS A GOOD STORY, THE WAY WE
FIXED THAT.
I'LL GET TO THAT IN A SECOND.
BUT WAS IT WORTH THE
AGGRAVATION.
BILL SAID, NO, IT WASN'T.
THAT WHOLE EXPERIENCE, GOING
THROUGH THAT, I THINK IT WAS THE
EASIEST WE FELT WE WOULD DO THAT
DAY ON THAT SPACEWALK.
SO THAT TASK IN GENERAL, THE ACS
TEST THAT OCCURRED THE DAY
EARLIER ON EVA 3.
THIS IS EVA 4 IN OUR MISSION.
IT WAS -- RESTARTED WORKING WITH
THAT YEARS BEFORE THEY WERE
ASSIGNED.
WE WERE LOOKING AT WAYS TO
REFER.
IT WAS A CHALLENGE FOR THE TEAM.
WE WERE TRYING TO HELP AS MUCH
AS WE COULD.
MANY PEOPLE THAT MAY WELL
HAPPEN.
WE DESIGNED FOR THAT TASK.
A LOT OF EFFORT WAS PUT INTO IT
FOR THE FIRST TIME WE WEREN'T
GOING TO REMOVE AN INSTRUMENT
AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW ONE.
WE HAD TO FIGURE A WAY TO UNDO
SOMETHING THAT WAS NEVER
INTENDED TO BE UNDONE.
IT WAS BUTTONED UP AND READY FOR
LAUNCH AND NO ONE WAS SUPPOSED
TO MESS WITH IT EVER AGAIN.
BUT THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT WE DID
ON OUR MISSION.
IT TOOK A LOT OF CREATIVITY TO
FIGURE OUT WHAT WE NEEDED TO
REMOVE TO GET OUT AND REMOVE THE
POWER SUPPLIES AND PUTT A NEW
ONE IN.
I THINK WE HAD BACKUPS FORKER
JUST ABOUT EVERY OTHER SCREW.
WE HAD 161 SMALL CREWS ON THE
PANEL, TWO MORE ON THE CLAMP AND
FOUR BIGGER SCREWS ON THAT HANDS
RAIL.
WE WEREN'T WORRIED ABOUT THOSE.
THOSE WERE HEX TYPE SCREWS.
AND, OF COURSE, I STRIP THE HEAD
ON ONE OF THEM AND THE BOTTOM
RIGHT.
I SAW WHAT I HAD DONE.
>> YOU HAD TO TAKE THE PANEL OFF
UNLESS THE HANDRAIL WAS OFF.
>> I DID THE DEDUCTION, THE
SCREW DOESN'T COME OFF, 111
SCREWS DON'T COME OUT, NEW ONE
DOES NOT COME IN, THE SYSTEM
DOESN'T COME BACK TO LIFE.
WE'LL NEVER FIGURE OUT IF THERE
IS LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE AND
EVERYONE WILL BLAME ME.
I QUICKLY CAME THROUGH THAT.
>> WE ARE ON THE SIDE WITH THAT
PROBLEM.
INSIDE, EVENTUALLY ON BOARD WE
CAN IDENTIFY THAT WE HAD A
SOCKET THAT COULD TAKE THE BIG
BOLTS THAT HELL THE STANCHIONS
ON THE HANDSRAIL.
BUT THAT WAS INSIDE.
BUTCH THE GROUND WAS WORKING ON
OTHER IDEAS.
IT TOOK FOUR HOURS FOR US TO
EVENTUALLY GET CAUGHT UP FROM
THE GROUND.
WE WERE INSIDE WATCHING MASS AND
MIKE OUTSIDE, THINKING THIS HAS
TO BE REALLY IMPOSSIBLE FOR
THOSE GUYS TO BE OUT THERE, NOT
KNOWING THAT WE HAD A SOLUTION.
WE HAD BEEN TALKING.
>> YOU HAD HAD INFORMED ME
EARLIER.
>> I THOUGHT, WE HAVE TO KEEP
THEIR SPIRITS UP.
THIS COULD BE DEVASTATING.
KNOWING SOMEBODY IS MAKING A
MISTAKE.
CRYING IN YOUR SLEEP, YOU COULD
FLOAT AROUND AND GET IN --
>> IT WAS TOUGH.
I REMEMBER ONE THING I LEARNED
FROM JIM NEWMAN IN THE FIRST
FLIGHT THAT I KEPT IN MINDS.
NO MATTER HOW BAD THINGS SEEMED
TO APPEAR, NO MATTER HOW
HOPELESS THE SITUATION IS, YOU
HAVE TO REMEMBER, YOU CAN MAKE
IT WORSE.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
>> THAT'S WHAT I KEPT THINKING.
THAT'S WHAT HE USED TO SAY.
I KEPT THINKING THAT.
AS BAD AS IT WAS, LOSING TOOLS
AND AT THAT POINT YOU MAY NOT
WANTS TO COME BACK AND GET ME.
I KNEW I HAD TO STAY IN THE GAME
AND NOT MAKE THINGS WORSE AND
LET THE TEAM DO WHAT THEY NEEDED
TO DO.
JEFF WAS THERE AND OTHERS THAT
WORKED THAT PROBLEM.
I THINK IT WAS A VERY TOUGH
MOMENT.
I WAS KIDDING AROUND EARLIER, I
WOULD RATHER THAT SPACEWALK GO
SMOOTHER, BUT IT TURNED OUT
OKAY.
AND I THINK WHAT IT SHOWED TO
ME, I LEARNED SO MUCH ON THAT
SPACEWALK ABOUT MY FRIENDS AND
THE TEAM HERE, THE CREW, THAT
I'M GLAD IT WORKED OUT THE WAY
IT DID, EVEN WITH THE STRIPPED
SCREW.
I NEVER FORGET, YOU WERE TRYING
TO GET MY ATTENTION IN THE
WINDOW.
I THINK I WAS GETTING VICE
GRIPS.
I HAD TO COME UP TO THE TOOLBOX
AT THE FRONT OF THE ORBITER.
YOU WERE IN THE WINDOW.
I DIDN'T WANT TO LOOK AT YOU
GUYS.
I FELT TERRIBLE.
LIKE I HAD MESSED UP OUR
MISSION.
I JUST FELT HORRIBLE TRYING TO
GET IT, NOT MAKING WORSE, MAYBE
WE'LL GET A SOLUTION.
I DIDN'T THINK WE WOULD COME UP
WITH ONE.
I LOOKED UP AT THE WINDOW, YOU
GUYS ARE GIVING ME THUMBS UP AND
OKAY SIGNS.
I THOUGHT WHAT THE HECK IS GOING
ON.
I THOUGHT THERE WAS ANOTHER
SPACEWALK GOING ON.
I REALIZED AT THAT POINT WE WERE
A TEAM AND WE WERE GOING TO
EITHER SUCCEED OR FAIL AS A
TEAM.
YOU GUYS KEPT ME IN THE GAME.
I REALIZE THAT WHILE WELL MIGHT
BE GOING DOWN, BUT AT LEAST I'M
GOING DOWN WITH MY BEST FRIENDS.
IT ALL WORKED OUT.
[INAUDIBLE]
>> THAT WAS THE THING.
THE WFPC2 WE PUT IN, WE HAD TOE
TAKE OUT TO GET WFC3.
I WASN'T GOING TO BRING THAT UP.
IT WAS TWO, AM I RIGHT?
IT WOULDN'T MOVE.
THEY SAID INCREASE THE TORQUE.
WE USED THE TORQUE BECAUSE YOU
DON'T WANT TO BREAK THE BOLT.
BECAUSE IF YOU BREAK THE BOLT,
THEN YOU WILL NEVER GET IT OUT.
FINALLY, THEY SAID -- I WAS
WATCHING THIS.
I WAS THINKING TO MYSELF, "I PUT
THAT BOLT IN."
I DID USE THE TORQUE LIMITER.
I CALLED OUT THE NUMBER AND I
ACTUALLY -- I TOLD THEM -- YOU
REMEMBER THAT NIGHT?
YOU REMEMBER?
I SAID, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S GOING
ON HERE?
I THINK YOU CALLED SUE.
IT TURNS OUT WE HAD DIFFERENT
TORQUE LIMITERS.
THERE IS AN ERROR BAR -- ON
TORQUE LIMITERS.
>> THEY ARE TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT.
YOU HAVE THE CODE SIDE OF THE
TEMPERATURE, AND IT WAS WELL OUT
OF THE RANGE.
IT WAS VERY CLOSE TO THE
BREAKING POINT FOR THAT BOLT.
>> AS MY 2-YEAR-OLD SON USED TO
SAY WHEN SOMETHING WENT WRONG,
IT'S NOT MY FAULT!
[LAUGHTER]
>> IN THE END, THE CALL CAME UP
FROM THE GROUND.
IT WAS NOT A "THIS IS HOW YOU
FIX IT."
IT WAS A QUESTION.
THE QUESTION WAS, DO YOU THINK
MASS CAN PULL THAT HANDLE WITH
60 POUNDS EVER FORCE?
INSTANTLY I KNEW WE WERE OKAY.
AT THAT POINT, HE PROBABLY COULD
HAVE DONE 200.
>> I COULD HAVE REMOVE THE
INSTRUMENT.
>> WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THAT.
AS A COMMANDER, I'M THINKING
WHAT COULD HAVE HAPPENED HERE.
WHAM!
, RIPS HIS SUIT, BUT THE GROUND
SAID 60 POUNDS.
I SID, I THINK WE CAN HANDLE
THAT.
THE WAY THEY KNEW IT WAS
60 POUNDS, THEY MOCKED IT UP AND
PULLED IT UNTIL IT BROKE.
THEY HAD A VIDEO.
THANK GOD THEY DIDN'T SEND THAT
UP THERE.
IF I HAD HAD SEEN THAT VIDEO,
WHEN IT BREAKS, IT'S GOES --
>> THAT WAS AFTER THE MISSION.
WE THOUGHT IT WAS OKAY.
THAT IS ON YouTube.
>> THEY DIDN'T SHOW IT TO OUR
FLIGHT DIRECTOR EITHER.
THAT IS ONE OF THE MOST
REMARKABLE THINGS I SAW IN ANY
EVER THE MISSIONS.
LET'S MOVE ON.
BACK TO SCOOTER AND CHARLEY.
YOU WERE BOTH COMMANDERS OF TWO
MISSIONS, I THINK.
SCOOTER FOR TWO HUBBLE MISSIONS.
CHARLEY FOR TWO OTHER MISSIONS.
WHAT, IN YOUR MIND, ARE THE
BIGGEST CHALLENGES THAT HUBBLE
SERVICING IS ONE THING AND
UNIQUE.
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES THAT
CREWS IN ORBIT ON YOUR MISSIONS
FACED?
>> I'LL FOLLOW YOU, SIR.
>> I WAS GOING TO GO BACK ON THE
LESSON THAT JIM NEWMAN MENTIONED
TO MASS.
WHOSE LAW, WHO GETS IT.
HE WAS MY FIRST COMMANDER, MY
MENTOR.
JIM NEWMAN, WAS NOT AN
ASTRONAUT, HE WAS A TRAINER.
I TELL MY CREWMEMBERS, I SHUT
DOWN A GOOD BUS, IT TOOK OUT THE
SECOND ENGINE.
WE WENT INTO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
AND DIVED.
AS WE LAND, I REACHED OVER, HE
PUT HIS HAND ON MY SHOULDER, HE
SAYS, "CHARLES?"
WHEN I GOT IN TROUBLE MY MOTHER,
SHE WOULD SAY "CHARLES FRANK."
HE SAID, DID I TEACH YOU WHOSE
LAW.
NO MATTER HOW BAD THINGS ARE,
YOU CAN ALWAYS MAKE THEM WORSE.
THAT WAS WHOSE LAW.
THAT IS WHERE HE GOT IT FROM.
IT SERVED US WELL THROUGHOUT THE
PROGRAM.
ANYWAY, GOING BACK TO THE MOST
DIFFICULT THINGEN IMTHINK IT'S
PEOPLE.
MY MOST DIFFICULT CHALLENGE WAS
A COMMANDER WAS TRYING TO MAKE
SURE WE HAD A COLLEGIAL CREW, WE
ALL WORKED AS A TEAM, THAT WE
ALL UNDERSTOOD -- LIKE YOU SAID,
IT'S A TEAM EFFORT.
WE EITHER ALL SUCCEED TOGETHER
OR WE FAIL TOGETHER.
IT DOESN'T MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE.
I DID SOMETHING THAT MIKE COATS
HAD HAD DONE.
WE WERE HEAVILY CHASTISED NOR IT
BECAUSE NO COMMANDERS HAD DONE
FOR IT BEFORE.
I BROUGHT THE PSYCHIATRIST
BEFORE AND WE EVEN BROUGHT
OTHERS IN.
WHAT I WANTED THE CREW TO
UNDERSTAND, WE KNEW WORKING
AROUND THE SIMULATOR, NONE OF US
HAD HAD EVER FAILED TOGETHER.
NONE OF US HAD BEEN UNDER STRESS
TOGETHER.
I WANTED THE CREW TO UNDERSTAND
IS HOW DOES A PERSON WITH THIS
PERSONALITY TIME REACT UNDER
THIS KIND OF STRESS.
IT WAS INCREDIBLY USEFUL BECAUSE
WE DID HAVE ONE SITUATION THAT
WAS TOTALLY UNEXPECTED.
YOU ALWAYS HAVE CREWMEMBERS THAT
ARE -- YOU JUST THINK, ARE THEY
GOING TO BE OKAY WHEN SOMETHING
COMES UP.
IT WAS INVALUABLE TO US TO
UNDERSTAND HOW WE COULD HELP
EACH OTHER IN ??? GOT INTO A
REAL STRESSFUL SITUATION.
I LEARNED THAT FROM MIKE COATS,
WHO DID THE SAME THING WITH ONE
OF HIS CREW.
I THINK THE PEOPLE SKILL WAS THE
HARDEST THING FOR ME.
>> I HAVE TO AGREE WITH YOU.
NOT JUST BECAUSE YOU ARE A
FORMER ADMINISTRATOR.
BUT BECAUSE I HAD THE SAME
EXPERIENCE.
YOU TAKE A GROUP OF INCREDIBLY
TALENTED PEOPLE.
THE THING THAT YOU WANT TO DO IS
TAKE ALL OF THOSE INDIVIDUAL
SKILLS AND FORM A TEAM.
ESPECIALLY A TEAM WITH ALL THE
FOLKS ON THE GROUND THAT ARE
TRAINING WITH YOU AND WORKING
WITH YOU.
GOING THROUGH THOSE, COMING UP
HERE TO GODDARD, WORKING WITH
PEOPLE WAS A KEY PART OF
BRINGING SUCCESS ON THE FLIGHT.
SOMETHING WE DID THAT WAS
SIMILAR TO WHAT CHARLEY
MENTIONED IS BEFORE THE FLIGHT,
MY CREW AND THE FLIGHT DIRECTOR
CAN A LEADERSHIP SCHOOL
EXPERIENCE WHERE THEY WENT
KAYAKING UP IN PRINCE WILLIAM
SOUND IN ALASKA FOR TEN DAYS OUT
IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE GIVING
EACH OTHER A CHANCE TO BE A
LEADER ONE DAY A FOLLOWER.
THERE WAS A LOT OF STRESS.
PADDLING FOR EIGHT HOURS AND
COMING IN TO LAND AND SEE A
BUNCH OF BEARS WHERE YOU ARE
SUPPOSED TO CAMP.
AH!
WE ARE GOING SOMEWHERE ELSE
TONIGHT.
A CHANCE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT WAS
IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE.
LIKE I HAD A CREW MEMBER WHO WAS
VERY VOCAL ABOUT WHAT THE
OPINION WAS.
THIS IS THE THING YOU SHOULD DO.
THIS IS THE ONLY THING I THINK
YOU SHOULD BE THINKING ABOUT.
THEN WE WOULD TALK ABOUT IT.
I'D SAY, OKAY, WE'LL DO THIS.
IT'S LIKE, NO WAY.
I FOUND OUT AS LONG AS THE
PERSON IS LISTENED TO, HE IS
OKAY.
I HAD MY CHANCE TO TALK, NOW I'M
WILLING TO GO WITH THE GROUP.
IT WAS GOOD INSIGHT.
IT HELPED US BOND.
HAVING THE FLIGHT DIRECTOR THERE
HELPED US.
IT WAS GREAT.
>> ONE OTHER THING I WILL ADD.
YOU MENTIONED IT.
FOR THE COMMANDER, A SQUAD
MISSION WITH THE FLIGHT
DIRECTORS, PARTICULARLY THE LEAD
FLIGHT DIRECTOR.
WE A THING ABOUT LANDING.
WE HAD AN ENDPOINT.
AND I JUST HAD THIS HABIT OF --
I BELIEVED IN THE ORBITER AS A
SYSTEM AND I WAS NEVER WORRIED
ABOUT RUNNING OFF THE OTHER END
OF THE RUNWAY.
THE ENGINEER WAS DEATHLY AFRAID
WE WOULD RUN AN ORBITER OFF THE
OTHER END OF THE RUNWAY.
THEY ALWAYS WANTED TO USE THE
NOMINAL LANE POINT WHICH PUTS
YOU FARTHER FROM THE RUNWAY.
THE ORBITER IS A GLIDER.
I KNEW I WAS ALWAYS MORE
COMFORTABLE JUST GETTING TO THE
RUNWAY, I CAN STOP IT.
THERE IS NO PROBLEM.
WE KNEW WE HAD MORE THAN ENOUGH
ROOM.
SO I REMEMBER ONE DAY WE HAD HAD
A SESSION.
THE COMPUTER, THAT THING WHICH
SETS WHICH END POINT YOU WOULD
GO TO.
IT WOULD SEND US TO A NORMAL END
POINT.
THE WIND WAS HIGHER THAN I WAS
COMFORTABLE WITH.
I SAID, NO, I'M NOT GOING TO DO
THAT.
I'M GOING TO THE CLOSER ENDS
POINT.
ON THAT PARTICULAR FLIGHT I SAT
DOWN WITH THE LEAD FLIGHT
DIRECTOR.
I SAID LET'S GET ONE THING
STRAIGHT RIGHT NOW.
IF YOU TRY TO SEND ME TO THE
NOMINAL ENDPOINT ON A DAY WHEN
THE WIND IS LIKE THIS, I'M GOING
TO POLITELY TELL YOU THAT I'M
NOT GOING TO DO THAT.
SO DO ME ONE FAVOR, LEAVE THE
SELECTION OF THE ENDPOINT UP TO
ME UNLESS IT'S REALLY EXTREME.
BECAUSE I DO NOT WANT TO LAND IN
THE WATER.
AND I DO NOT WANT TO LAND SHORT
OF THE RUNWAY.
WE HAD TWO LANDERS WHERE YOU
NORTHERLYIZE EVERYTHING AND WE
DIDN'T MAKE THE RUNWAY BECAUSE
THE TOUCHDOWN WAS 160,000 KNOTS.
I ALWAYS TALKED TO THE FLIGHT --
I THINK THAT THE CAMARADERIE
BETWEEN THE FLIGHT DIRECTOR AND
THE COMMANDER, THE WHOLE CREW,
ACTUALLY.
AGAIN, AT PEOPLE THING.
IT WAS REALLY CRITICAL FOR US TO
GET INTO EACH OTHER'S HEAD.
HE NEEDED TO KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT
FROM ME AS MUCH AS I NEEDED TO
KNOW WHAT HE WAS THINKING ABOUT
ON THE GROUND.
>> WE TALKED ABOUT THE
CAMARADERIE, AFTER EVERY FLIGHT
WE GO ON A POST-FLIGHT TRIP.
BECAUSE WITH THE EUROPEAN
CONNECTION, AND WE INSISTED THEY
COME HERE.
>> THAT WASN'T THE FLIGHT
DIRECTOR, BY THE WAY.
I DIDN'T WANT TO IMPLY THAT.
HE WASN'T THE ONE THAT I HAD THE
DISCUSSION WITH.
>> OKAY.
[LAUGHTER]
>> I'LL OPEN IT UP A BIT AS FAR
AS HUBBLE AND THE
SERVICEABILITY.
WITH ALL OF YOUR EXPERIENCES,
TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
WHAT -- SO HUBBLE IS DESIGNED TO
BE SERVICED, SO TO SPEAK, RIGHT?
THERE WERE THINGS THAT WERE
DESIGNED IN IT AND INTENDED TO
BE SERVICEABLE.
AND THERE WERE THINGS THAT YOU
ALL DID THAT WERE NEVER INTENDED
TO BE DONE.
TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT HOW
HUBBLE WAS DESIGNED TO BE
SERVICEABLE AND WHAT ABOUT THE
OBSERVATORY MADE THAT THE MOST
FRIENDLY.
AND ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE, TELL
US WHAT YOU SAW ABOUT HUBBLE
THAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE TO
MAKE IT MORE FRIENDLY?
>> WELL, FROM THE VERY BEGINNING
WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT EVA
SERVICEABILITY, YOU ARE WORKING
IN A BULKY SUIT.
YOUR VISIBILITY IS -- YOUR
CAPABILITIES ARE LIMITED.
THE OBJECT IS TO MAKE THE
INTERFACES AS SIMPLE AS
POSSIBLE.
THE IDEA IS THAT YOU HAVE TO
TAKE SOMETHING OUT, IF IT'S HELD
IN JUST WITH ONE OR TWO LARGE
BOLTS THAT YOU CAN PUT A BIG
WRENCH ON, THAT'S A MUCH EASIER
WAY THAN HAVING THE 2-MILLIMETER
SCREWS.
AND THEN AS FAR AS TAKING THE
BIG INSTRUMENTS IN AND OUT, THEY
WERE REALLY WELL DESIGNED WITH
MECHANISM SO THAT IF YOU PUSHED
THEM IN -- WE HAD TO GET THEM
STARTED.
BUT THEN THERE WITH A TRIANGLE
MECHANISM, SO AS YOU GOT FURTHER
AND FURTHER IN, YOU WERE
GUARANTEED THEY WOULD ENDS UP IN
THE RIGHT PLACE THAT WAS
CRITICAL FOR THE OPTICAL
ALIGNMENT.
ALL OF THOSE ASPECTS, AND
SOMEONE ELSE TALKED ABOUT THE
WRENCH --
>> FOR US TO TAKE APART A
FEATURE.
IF YOU HAD TOE BACK OUT A BALL
THAT WAS CAPTIVE, IT WOULDN'T BE
FLOATING AROUND AND ONE LESS
THING TO CHASE AFTER.
EVERY ON THE FIRST SERVICE
MISSION, WE ENDED UP WITH THINGS
THAT WERE NEVER INTENDED TO BE
DONE.
SO THEY DIDN'T HAVE CAPTIVE
FEATURES.
JEFF TALKED ABOUT THE GREAT
SCREW CHASE.
I KNOW ON ONE OF OUR EVAs HE
TOOK OFF AN ELECTRONICS BOX THAT
WAS BOLTED TO THE DOOR.
IT HAD A BOLT AND TWO WASHERS.
MAYBE EIGHT OF THOSE.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, YOU BACK
OUT THE BOLT, YOU ARE NOT ONLY
CHASING THE BOLTS BUT TRYING TO
CHASE THE WASHERS TRYING TO GET
THEM IN THE TRASH BAG THING.
KNOWING WE WOULD DO THAT, TOM
ACRES CAME UP WITH A HAIRPIN.
IT WAS SIMPLE FIXES YOU CAN DO
TO MAKE IT EVA-COMPATIBLE.
WE BACKED OUT THE BOLT A LITTLE
BIT, MOVE THE WASHERS OUT AWAY
FROM THE BOX, THEN STUCK THIS
HAIRPIN IN.
IT HAD A TETHER HOOK ON IT AND
MANAGED TO CAPTURE THE BOLT AND
TWO WASHERS WITH ONE DEVICE
THERE.
THINGS LIKE THAT, IF WE KNOW WE
ARE GOING TO DO IT WE CAN FIND
WAYS TO MAKE IT COMPATIBLE.
SOME OF THE THINGS THEY DID, AND
SOME OF THE THINGS WE DID AS
WELL, WE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WE
WERE GOING TO DO.
>> IT'S THE ABILITY TO PREDICT
WHAT YOU WILL HAVE TO SERVICE
AND WHAT YOU WILL NOT HAVE TO
SERVICE.
WE HAD A BACKUP TO A LOT OF
THINGS WE DIDN'T THINK WE WOULD
HAVE TO SERVICE, WE ENDED UP
SERVICING.
>> BUT I THINK GOING IN, IT
MIGHT HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO
HAVE BEEN DONE.
THEN IT BECAME POSSIBLE.
>> THERE WERE THINGS WE THOUGHT
WOULD NEVER FAIL.
THE MAGNETOMETERS.
>> ONE OF THE THINGS I THINK
ABOUT HUBBLE IS IT WAS A PROVING
GROUND OR A LOT OF THINGS WE DID
ON SpaceX.
IT WAS THE PAYLOAD THAT WAS
BUILT TO BE SERVICED.
WE WENT UP THERE SEVERAL TILES.
WE LEARNED A LOT FROM THAT.
A LOT OF THE TESTING WE DID FOR
SPACE STATION COMPONENTS FED OFF
OF THE EXPERIENCES ON HUBBLE
HAD.
IT WAS EXTREMELY VALUABLE FOR
THE WHOLE SHUTTLE PROGRAM.
WE LEARNED SO MUCH DOING THINGS
LIKE THAT.
HOW THE SUIT WORKS.
A LOT THINGS THAT WERE PROVEN ON
HUBBLE THAT HAD BENEFITS TO THE
SPACE STATION.
>> MY EXPERIENCE, I FELT LIKE
MIKEY ON THE LIFE CEREAL.
THE KIDS SAY, IT'S GOOD FOR YOU.
I'M NOT GOING TO TRY IT.
YOU TRY IT.
PEOPLE WILL SAY, IT'S IMPOSSIBLE
TO FIX THAT.
I'D SAY, "I'LL DO IT."
TO ME, THAT'S A LESSON I THINK
WE'VE LEARNED.
I KNOW MASS EXPERIENCED THAT.
THINGS THAT WE THOUGHT WERE
IMPOSSIBLE -- I BELIEVE THERE IS
NOTHING, ON HUBBLE, ANYWAY --
AND I THINK THE SPACEWALKS, THAT
YOU CAN'T DO IN A SPACESUIT THAT
YOU CAN DO IN A BUNNY SUIT HERE
ON THE GROUND, BASICALLY.
CAN YOU LEARN HOW TO DO IT.
THAT'S THE AMAZING INTERFACE
BETWEEN INCREDIBLE HUMAN HANDS
AND REALLY GOOD EVA.
THE AMAZING HUMAN HANDS, THE
HUMAN BRAIN, AND THE ABILITY OF
TOOLMAKERS TO BUILD TOOLS TO DO
THESE TASKS.
SOMETIMES THEY WERE SPECIALIZED
TOOLS.
SOMETIMES SIMPLE TOOLS OR BETTER
CONNECTOR TOOL.
THE GROUP THAT DIDN'T BELIEVE
ANYTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE.
WE REWIRED THE TELESCOPE HE,
FIXED THE PROBLEM, THE SCREWS
ARE DESIGNED TO GO IN AND NOT
COME OUT.
THAT'S THE WAY THEY ARE
DESIGNED.
WE DID THATTEN THE HANDRAILS, WE
DEVELOPED COVERS FOR IT'S
HANDRAILS.
WE CROSSED THE POWER SUPPLIES.
THERE WERE DETAILS OF THINGS
THAT IN GENERAL THAT SAID, THERE
IS NO WAY YOU CAN DO IT.
THERE IS NO WAY CAN YOU DO IT ON
A SPACEWALK.
>> I COULD BE WRONG, WE MAY NOT
HAVE UNDERTAKEN THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION HAD
IT NOT BEEN FOR HUBBLE.
IT WAS HARDER AND HARDER AND
HARDER, I REMEMBER I WAS AHEAD
OF THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW PANEL.
WE ALL SAID, "WE CAN'T DO THIS."
I REMEMBER SAYING -- I DON'T SAY
WE ALL SAID.
>> I REMEMBER YOU TELLING ME.
>> THIS IS TOO MUCH.
WE HAVE TOO MUCH ON OUR PLATE.
LET'S SPEND TIME THINKING ABOUT
HOW WE WILL DEAL WITH THE PRESS.
WE ARE NOT GOING TO FINISH ALL
OF THIS STUFF.
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO PRESS TO
HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THAT THIS
HAS STILL BEEN AN INCREDIBLY
SUCCESSFUL MISSION, ALTHOUGH WE
DIDN'T GET ALL FIVE DAYS' WORTH
OF STUFF DONE.
EVEN THOUGH WE ONLY DID TWO,
WHATEVER IT WAS.
THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL
MISSION.
WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME ON THAT.
TRYING TO BE PREPARED.
THEN WE WENT AND DID EVERYTHING.
HAVING LIVED THROUGH I DON'T
KNOW HOW MANY ITERATIONS WITH
PEOPLE DOWN HERE ON THE FIRST
TWO ROWS.
WE SAID, WE CAN'T DO IT.
THIS IS TOO EVA-INTENSIVE.
WE WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO DO
SOMETHING LIKE THIS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
A LOT OF US THOUGHT, WE THINK WE
CAN.
WE FOUND OURSELVES DOING THINGS
WE NEVER DREAMED OF, REPAIRING A
SOLAR ARRAY.
FITTING AN ASTRONAUT ON THE END
OF AN ARM AND HAVE HIM GO UP AND
LITERALLY STITCH A SOLAR ARRAY
THAT WE DIDN'T SHUT DOWN.
AS A MATTER OF FACT.
I'M NOT SURE WE WOULD HAVE HAD
THE PEOPLE WHO HAD THE
CONFIDENCE TO TRY ANY OF THAT
HAD THEY NOT SEEN -- HUBBLE
SHOWED US.
WE ARE BETTER THAN WE THINK WE
ARE.
WE ARE A LOT MORE CAPABLE THAN
WE THINK WE ARE.
>> BUILDING ON THAT.
SO AS I SAID IN THE INTRODUCTORY
COMMENTS, THE 12 CREWMEMBERS,
EVERY TASK THAT WAS PLANNED TO
BE UNDERTAKEN WAS SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED.
SAY A FEW WORDS ABOUT WHY YOU
ALL THINK -- NOT THE REASONS FOR
THE MISSION BEING SO SUCCESSFUL
WERE.
>> I THINK IT COMES DOWN TO WHAT
WE'VE ALL BEEN SAYING.
REALLY, THE TALENT, THE
CREATIVITY.
THE SKILL AND HARD WORK OF ALL
THE TEAM.
NOT JUST US WHO WERE LUCKY
ENOUGH TO GO UP AND DO IT.
STARTING FROM EVERY TECHNICIAN,
EVERY ENGINEER, THE SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITY BEING SUPPORTIVE.
EVEN MANAGEMENT.
WE COULD HAVE DONE IT --
OCCASIONALLY SOUND WOULD HAVE
SOMETHING IMPORTANT.
SO EVERYBODY PROVIDED SOME
VALUABLE.
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT FOLKED
BELIEVED IN THAT IT WAS A GOOD
THING TO DO.
WE PULLED OUT ALL THE STOPS AND
SACRIFICED FAMILY TIME AND
FRIENDS AND RECREATION.
BASICALLY PUT OUR LIVES ON HOLD
TO CHAMPION SOMETHING THAT WAS
REALLY IMPORTANT AND WE BELIEVED
IN.
>> IT WAS WORKING TOGETHER IN
THE SAME DIRECTION.
EVERY CONTRACTOR.
WE GOT TO FIX HUBBLE AND THEN
THE SUBSEQUENT MISSIONS, I
THINK, HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED.
PEOPLE WHO PUT IN THE EXTRA
EFFORT.
THE CONFIGURATIONS AND THE
INCREDIBLE SEPARATION AND, YEAH,
WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME AWAY FROM
FAMILY.
BUT SO DID ALL OF OUR
TECHNICIANS AND ENGINEERS
WORKING WITH US.
AND THAT IS WHAT IT TOOK.
IT PAID OFF.
>> OKAY.
LET'S SEE.
LET'S GO BACK TO SOME MORE
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS.
THERE WERE FOUR SERVICING
MISSIONS.
WE WERE THE FIRST TO TEST
ANOTHER CONTINGENCY HARDWARE.
CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THAT AND
HOW IT WAS USED IN HUBBLE?
END OF YOUR SPACEWALK, THERE'S
ONE THING FOR SURE, HE'S GOING
TO WANT TO COME IN.
I GOT THE KEY TO THE DOOR.
>> THEN, AFTER THEY WERE DONE
WITH ALL THEIR SPACEWALKS I HAD
NOTHING TO HOLD OVER THEIR HEAD
ANYMORE.
THROUGH THE CUE CARD.
IT WAS THAT LINE THAT SAID, EVA
CREW RESCUE.
IF YOU GOT ON TETHERED SOMEHOW,
SCOOTER WOULD COME GET YOU.
I REMEMBER RICK SAYING THIS, EVA
CREW RESCUE, DON'T WORRY.
IT.
[LAUGHTER]
>> BACK TO HUBBELL FOR A MINUTE.
REALLY SOMETHING COMMON TO ALL
THE M MISSIONS.
THAT WAS A DIFFICULT TASK TO
WHERE THEY WERE SITUATED.
I CAN REMEMBER THE PRACTICE AND
THE MECHANICAL SIMULATOR.
CAN'T IMAGINE HOW YOU ALL.
ABLE TO DO THAT TASK.
TALK ABOUT THAT FOR THOSE OF YOU
CHANGED OUT.
YOU MIGHT KNOW THAT HAD SOME
GYRO EXCITEMENTS IN THE LAST FEW
WEEKS ON HUBBELL 2.
>> THE GYRO THEMSELVES, THEY ARE
LITTLE RECTANGULAR BOX WITH A
COUPLE OF BOLTS ON THE FRONT.
THE PROBLEM IS GETTING ACCESS IN
THERE TO GET AT THEM WHEN THE
JOB WAS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED.
BY THE WAY, THE DOOR THAT
ENCLOSED THE COMPARTMENT THEY
HAVE THE STAR TRACKERS THEY HAD
SUN SHADE OTHEM.
THE ORIGINAL IDEA WAS YOU HAVE
TO REMOVE THOSE SUN SHADES AND
STORE THEM SOMEWHERE, DO THE JOB
WHICH YOU COULD THEN DO SORT OF
FROM THE OUTSIDE.
BACK.
GIVEN THE TIME CRITIC, IF YOU
COULD SLIDE UNDERNEATH THE GYROS
AND INSIDE THE TELESCOPE, THEN
WE COULD DO THE JOB WITHOUT
HAVING TO REMOVE SUN SHADES TO
SAVE LOT OF TIME.
STORY WAS SHORTER THAN ME.
HE WAS THE ONE WHO WENT INSIDE
WHEN YOU'RED IN THE TELESCOPE,
WE HAVE TO BE CAME.
THAT ISN'T ALREADY BROKEN.
THAT'S WHAT WE CONTINUE TO
PRACTICE.
THE ENGINEERS WHO WERE
RESPONSIBLE FOR HUBBELL THAT YOU
BREAKING ANYTHING.
I REMEMBER WHAT STORY DID AT ONE
POINT.
FOR QUITE A FEW DIFFERENT RUNS.
AT THAT POINT, HE SAID, ALL
RIGHT, TELLING FOR THE
ENGINEERS, THIS IS OUR FINAL
EXAM.
IT ON TV, LET US KNOW IF YOU'RE
SATISFIED THAT YOU THINK IT'S
SAFE AND IF NOT, WE WON'T DO IT
BUT WE DID IT AND THEY WERE
HAPPY AND SO THAT'S HOW WE DID
IT AND IT WORKED.
I GUESS THAT'S BEEN DONE WITH
THAT TECHNIQUE.
>> FOR ME PERSONALLY PUTTING IN
RC2 WHICH IS THE MIDDLE ONE AND
THERE WAS A PICTURE SHOWN THIS
MORNING, I WAS ON THE ROBOTIC
ARM AND INSERT IT IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE TELESCOPE FACING UP.
>> YOU DID IT DIFFERENTLY?
>> WE DID ALL THREE.
FOR THE SIDE ONES THAT GOT
INSERTED IN THE TELESCOPE AND I
HAD STEVE SMITH AND HE'S TALL
AND HE WAS USE THE SAME
TECHNIQUE HE DIDN'T WANT TO
TOUCH ANYTHING ELSE.
WE WERE ALLOWED ONE TAB ON THE
HANDRAIL WITH HIS BACKPACK, MANY
HAD TO STAY FIT.
WE SAW WHERE STORY SCRATCHED
THAT HANDRAIL.
FOR ME IT WAS UIQUE.
I WAS IN THE MILITARY OF THE --
MIDDLE OF THE TELESCOPE.
IT WAS LIKE EDWIN HUBBELL BEING
THE PRIME FOCUS THE TELESCOPE.
>> NUMBER ONE ON THE RIGHT, I'M
IN THERE AND COVER IS RIGHT IN
FRONT OF ME.
MANUFACTURED THAT COVER.
I CAN'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF THE
COMPANY.
WASN'T WARNED ABOUT THIS.
THERE'S A LITTLE PLACARD ON THAT
STAR TACKER COVER.
LITTLE METAL THING IN FRONT OF
ME.
THIS IS MANUFACTURED MY ACME
CORPORATION, BAY OWNED NEW
JERSEY.
350 MILES INSIDE THAT GREAT
TELESCOPE.
BAY-OWNED NEW JERSEY WAS STARING
AT ME.
I THOUGHT THIS WAS THE MOST
INCREDIBLE THING I EVER SEEN.
STORY DID THAT ON THE FIRST
MISSION.
SECOND.
STORY WAS, FEW OF THE CREW WAS
THERE.
I SEE STORY CONGRATULATING HIM.
STORY DID YOU SIGH THAT ON THAT
PLACARD.
HE GOES MAYBE I WAS THINKING.
TELESCOPE, THE MORE IMPORTANT
THING.
[LAUGHTER]
>> YOU SAID IT WAS THE ACME TOOL
COMPANY.
I COULDN'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF
THE COMPANY.
IT'S GOT TO BE SOMEONE IN THIS
ROOM CAN FIND THAT OUT.
>> WE HAVE TWO OR THREE MINUTES
LEFT I'M TOLD.
TRAINING IN THE FACILITIES
PREPARATION FOR DEPLOYMENT
MISSION UNTIL 19 YEARS LATER
WHEN THERE'S A PREPARATION FOR
SM4?
>> THE ONE -- WE TALKED ABOUT
HOW MUCH TIME IT TOOK.
THERE WAS ONE NEW DEVELOPMENT IN
EVA UDERWATER TRAINING BECAUSE
HUBBELL BEING SO TALL, WE WERE
SPENDING LOT OF TIME PRETTY DEEP
IN THE WATER AND YOU ACTUALLY
WERE GETTING TO THE POINT WHERE
IN PRINCIPLE WE WOULD HAVE HAD
TO DO DECOMPRESSION STUFF.
>> I HAVE THE LUXURY, AND
PRIVILEGE THAT I WAS PICKED AS
AN ASTRONAUT IN '92.
I GOT TO DIVE ON A HUBBELL
MOCK-UP AT MARSHALL.
HUGE DEVELOPMENT WE WENT FROM
THE MARSHALL TANK TO THE NEUTRAL
JOHNSON.
IT'S REALLY THE PHILOSOPHY THAT
WE TRAINED OVER AND OVER AGAIN
IN THE POOL WITH OTHER
SIMULATORS AS WE WERE GOING TO
FLY.
I FORGOT THAT WE WERE ON ORBIT.
>> OTHER CHANGE THAT STARTED
WITH SM1 AND CONTINUE WITH SM2
AND 4, WE GOT EVER-INCREASING
FIDELITY SIMULATORS WHETHER THEY
WERE BIG SIMULATORS OR SMALL.
FOR INSTANCE THE DOOR TROUBLE
YOU HAD, THE TEAM BUILT AS
CLOSELY AS THEY COULD.
DOOR SIMULATOR SO WE CAN
PRACTICE AND MESS UP AS MUCH AS
WE COULD.
>> WE ARE OUT OF TIME,
UNFORTUNATELY.
BEING WITH US TODAY AND SHARING
YOUR MEMORIES AND YOUR THOUGHT
AND LET'S GIVE THEM ALL A BIG
ROUND OF APPLAUSE.
[APPLAUSE]
>> 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, LIFTOFF.
>> IT'S ABOUT HUMANITY'S QUEST.
ONLY WAY TO FINDING THE LIMITS
THAT'S POSSIBLE, IT'S TO THE
IMPOSSIBLE.
>> HUBBELL SPACE TELESCOPE
IMAGING HAS CAPABILITIES LIKE
SEARCHING FOR BLACK HOLES AND
LOOKING AT THE ATMOSPHERE OF
PLANETS ORBITING OTHER STARS.
THEY HAD A POWER FAILURE IN
2004, THE HUBBELL TEAM REPLACE
DAMAGE ELECTRONIC BOARD ON THE
FINAL SERVICE MISSION IN 2009.
WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE A
MEMORABLE DAY FOR EVERYONE
INVOLVED.
>> FOR ABOUT TWO YEARS, I SPENT
ALMOST EVERYDAY WITH THE EVA
TEAM.
>> WE PRACTICED THAT MANY TIMES.
WE PRACTICED IT IN THE POOL.
>> WE SPENT HOURS, DAYS AND
WEEKS GOING THROUGH WHAT IF THIS
FAIL.
COULD GOING INTO THIS EVA.
>> WE CAME IN TO WORK HERE AT
THE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS
CONTROL CENTER AT GODDARD.
>> IT WAS LOCATED DOWN AT
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER ALONG WITH
SERVICING MISSION MANAGER.
FROM THE DAY STARTED OUT REALLY
WELL.
HANDRAIL, YOU HAVE TO REMOVE
THIS HANDRAIL THAT WAS DESIGNED
INSTRUMENT IN ORDER TO ACCESS
>> WE WATCHED MIKE TO DO A
SIMPLE TEST.
ALL YOU HAD TO DO WAS REMOVE
FOUR SCREWS.
>> TWO SCREWS CAME OFF.
THE ONE ON THE BOTTOM LEFT COMES
OFF.
>> WE CAN SEE PENCIL GRIP TOOL
SPINNING IF THE BOLT HEAD AND
THE BOLT WASN'T COMING OUT.
>> THAT WAS FIRST THING.
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO.
THIS IS A SHOW-STOPPER HERE.
>> FOR A WHILE, ABOUT AN HOUR OR
SO, WE WERE TRYING DIFFERENT
BITS ON THE END THE POWER POOL.
WE WERE TRYING ALL KINDS OF
THINGS.
GARAGE?
>> IT DIDN'T OCCUR LOT TO US.
>> GUYS, YOU WATCHING THIS
RIGHT?
>> YEAH, OF COURSE.
>> WE DID HAVE A MOCK UP WITH
THIS PANEL WITH THE HANDRAIL ON
IT.
IN THE CLEAN ROOM AND KEN
DICKERSON AND I CAME UP WITH A
PLAN TO HOW TO RIG UP THE TEST
THAT WE SCATTERED IN THE
BUILDING TO GET ALL THE
IT WAS A SUNDAY.
NOBODY WAS AROUND.
I RUN INTO THE HALL I RUN TO
WHERE THE TEXT WOULD BE.
I FIND THE GUY GENE IN THE
BUILDING.
LANGUAGE.
HE RUNS OFF TO GET IT.
HE'S ALREADY IN THERE.
BILL MITCHELL COMES BUSTING
THROUGH THE DOOR CARRYING THE
HANDRAIL STILL IN HIS BUNNY SUIT
TO GET THE HANDRAIL UP,
EVERYTHING IS READY TO GO.
JAMES GIVES OUT THE GREEN LIGHT
AND JEAN STARTS PULLING THE
HANDRAIL.
THE BOLT WENT FLAYING.
>> I GOT ON OUR COMMUNICATIONS
LOOPS AND CALLED IN.
ULTIMATELY, JAME CAME BACK AND
THEM TO BREAK IT OFF.
>> WE TALKED TO THE FLIGHT
DIRECTOR ABOUT IT.
>> YOU COPY THAT, 60 POUNDS AT
THE TOP OF THE HANDRAIL.
I THINK YOU GOT THAT IN YOU.
>> WHAT IF HE PULLED OFF AND
THERE'S DEBRIS AND THERE'S A
SHARP EDGE?
>> MASSIMINO WAS ABLE TO PUT
TAPE OVER IT.
>> EVERYONE ERUPTED IN CHEERS.
WHEN WE PULLED IT OFF, HE DIDN'T
SEE ANY DEBRIS.
HE KNEW NOT TO TOUCH THE SHARP
EDGES.
WELL.
>> THAT ONE OR TWO HOURS THAT I
WORKED ON BREAKING THE HANDRAIL,
THAT VERY WELL COULD GO DOWN AS
HIGHLIGHT OF MY CAREER.
>> GODDARD TEAM DID GREAT JOB.
FOREVER IN THEIR DEBT.
>> WE'RE ALL EXPLORERS.
IT'S IN OUR DNA.
WE EXPLORE THE DEPTHS OF OUR
OCEANS, OUR PLANET'S INNER
REGIONS.
WE NEVER STOP EXPLORING.
GALILEO OPENED OUR EYES WITH
THIS INSTRUMENT, THE TELESCOPE.
HE STARTED AN EXPLORATION
RENAISSANCE IN THE SKY.
IT WOULD TAKE US TO THE MOON AND
BEYOND.
HUBBELL SPACE TELESCOPE HAS BEEN
UNLOCKING MYSTERIES OF THE
UNIVERSE.
OF SPACE AND TIME.
FROM NEWBORN STARS TO PLANET
FORMATION.
TO OUR OWN PLANET.
FROM DARK MATTER TO DARK ENERGY.
HUBBELL HAS ALLOWED US TO SEE
THE BREATH-TAKING DETAILS OF THE
UNIVERSE NEVER BEFORE SEEN.
WE SALUTE THE THOUSANDS OF MEN
AND WOMEN FROM AROUND THE WORLD
AND IN SPACE THAT GIVEN HUMANITY
INCREDIBLE EXPLORATION MACHINE
WHILE WE SEPARATE ITS PAST AND
DREAM OF FUTURE DISCOVERIES, THE
HUBBELL SPACE TELESCOPE IS
INSPIRING EXPLORER IN ALL OF US.