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Earth's average surface temperature in 2024 was the warmest on record, according to an analysis led by NASA scientists. 

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NASA assembles its temperature record by collecting surface air temperature data from thousands of meteorological stations and sea surface temperatures from ships and buoys. 

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Global temperatures in 2024 were around 1.28 degrees Celsius above the agency’s 20th century baseline (1951-1980). That is equal to a 2.30 degree Fahrenheit change and exceeds the record set in 2023. 

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This comes after monthly temperature records were set in 15 consecutive months from June 2023 through August 2024. 

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NASA scientists also estimate Earth in 2024 was about 1.47 degrees Celsius (2.65 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the mid-19th century average (1850-1900).

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The warming trend of recent decades is driven by heat-trapping carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases.

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The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) maintains NASA’s surface temperature record.