GRAIL Creates Most Accurate Moon Gravity Map

  • Released Friday, November 1, 2013

This colorful image of Earth’s moon shows variations in the lunar gravity field, as measured by NASA’s twin Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) satellites. Dark blue shades indicate areas that have a low local gravity, while red shades indicate areas that have a high degree of local gravity. The high-resolution gravity field map resolves spatial scales as fine as 13 kilometers (~8 miles) and reveals distinct lunar features including impact basins, complex craters, and simple craters. As the twin spacecraft move along the same orbit, they react to the mass of features on the surface below them (e.g., mountains and craters) as well as features hidden beneath the surface. In orbit, the two spacecraft transmit radio signals to define precisely the distance between them. Scientists translate this information into highly precise maps of gravity that allows them to learn about the moon's internal structure and composition, providing a better understanding of how Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed and evolved. After revealing much about the moon’s interior composition, GRAIL’s extremely successful primary mission ended in December 2012; unlike most missions, however, GRAIL went out with a bang. The twin spacecraft, called Ebb and Flow, were intentionally crashed into a mountain near the moon’s north pole to study the resulting dust cloud and learn more about the composition of the lunar surface.

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Credits

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NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Release date

This page was originally published on Friday, November 1, 2013.
This page was last updated on Thursday, October 10, 2024 at 12:21 AM EDT.


Missions

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Datasets used

  • GRAIL Free-Air Gravity (Free-Air Gravity) [GRAIL: Lunar Gravity Ranging System]

    ID: 766
    Type: Analysis Sensor: Lunar Gravity Ranging System Collected by: NASA

Note: While we identify the data sets used on this page, we do not store any further details, nor the data sets themselves on our site.