MMS Sees a New Type of Reconnection

The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission consists of four identical satellites that traverse various regions of Earth's magnetosphere measuring the particles and electric and magnetic field which influence them.

In the turbulent plasma between Earth's magnetopause and bow shock, a region called the magnetosheath, the MMS satellite constellation has measured multiple jets of energetic electrons between magnetic bubbles. This appears to be a new 'flavor' of magnetic reconnection based on electrons and occuring on smaller time and spatial scales than the standard model of magnetic reconnection with ions.

In these data visualizations, the arrows represent the data collected by the spacecraft. To better comprehend changes as the spacecraft moves along, the data are allowed to 'echo' along the spacecraft trail. The length of the vectors represent the relative magnitude of the vector. However, the electron and proton vectors are scaled so equal velocities correspond to vectors of equal magnitude.

• Magenta represents the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at the spacecraft position.
• Green represents the direction and magnitude of the net electric current created by the motion of the electrons and ions measured at the spacecraft position.

The four MMS spacecraft are represented by colored spheres, corresponding to the plotted data lines in the lower graphic

• MMS1
• MMS2
• MMS3
• MMS4
  The clocks on MMS are synchronized for the TAI (International Atomic Time) system provided through the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. It provides a high-precision time reference for comparing MMS measurements to other datasets.
  Download

  • Movies

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.2 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.7 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [226.1 MB]

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  • Frame sets

  • MMS_Pursuit2Drift (1920x1080) [524288 Item(s)]
  • MMS_Pursuit2Drift (3840x2160) [524288 Item(s)]

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  • Images

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3000_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.0 KB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3000_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.1 KB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3000_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB]

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  • Hyperwall shows

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [227 bytes]

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  From a wide view of the MMS orbit, this visualization zooms down to the four spacecraft as they move between the magnetopause and bow shock. Along the track of each spacecraft we see the measured magnetic field vectors (magenta arrows) and the measured current vectors (green arrows). The energetic event of interest occurs at clock time of 09:03:54.3 TAI.

  Download

  • Movies

  • PhanNewReconnect_DataTour.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [73.0 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_DataTour.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.8 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_DataTour.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [236.0 MB]

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  • Frame sets

  • MMS_DataTour (1920x1080) [262144 Item(s)]
  • MMS_DataTour (3840x2160) [262144 Item(s)]

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  • Images

  • PhanNewReconnect_DataTour_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.1562_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.7 KB]

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  • Hyperwall shows

  • PhanNewReconnect_DataTour.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [203 bytes]

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  This visualization travels along with the four MMS spacecraft as they move between the magnetopause and bow shock. Along the track of each spacecraft we see the measured magnetic field vectors (magenta arrows) and the measured current vectors (green arrows). This view illustrates the dramatic changes in the magnetic field measurements as the spacecraft travel between the plasma 'bubbles' in this region. The energetic event of interest occurs at clock time of 09:03:54.3 TAI. This version has a lower time resolution (0.15 seconds per frame) so some detail is lost. This visualization is frame-synchronized with the animated graph.

  Download

  • Movies

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Stop_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [62.3 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Stop_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.6 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Stop_Dec09DataShort.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [179.8 MB]

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  • Frame sets

  • MMS_Pursuit2Stop (1920x1080) [524288 Item(s)]
  • MMS_Pursuit2Stop (3840x2160) [524288 Item(s)]

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  • Images

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Stop_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3610_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.6 KB]

  • ---

  • Hyperwall shows

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Stop_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [226 bytes]

  • ---

  From a wide view of the MMS orbit, this visualization zooms down to the four spacecraft as they move between the magnetopause and bow shock. Along the track of each spacecraft we see the measured magnetic field vectors (magenta arrows) and the measured current vectors (green arrows). The energetic event of interest occurs at clock time of 09:03:54.3 TAI.

  Download

  • Movies

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Freeze_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [77.9 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Freeze_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.9 MB]
  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Freeze_Dec09DataShort.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [231.5 MB]

  • ---

  • Frame sets

  • MMS_Pursuit2Freeze (1920x1080) [524288 Item(s)]
  • MMS_Pursuit2Freeze (3840x2160) [524288 Item(s)]

  • ---

  • Images

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Freeze_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.0500_print.jpg (1024x576) [89.5 KB]

  • ---

  • Hyperwall shows

  • PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Freeze_Dec09DataShort.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes]

  • ---

  From a wide view of the MMS orbit, this visualization zooms down to the four spacecraft as they move between the magnetopause and bow shock. Along the track of each spacecraft we see the measured magnetic field vectors (magenta arrows) and the measured current vectors (green arrows). The energetic event of interest occurs at clock time of 09:03:54.3 TAI.

  Download

  • Movies

  • MMSflux-Window_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [35.5 MB]
  • MMSflux-Window-alpha_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.2 MB]
  • MMSflux-Window_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.8 MB]
  • MMSflux-Window_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [76.1 MB]
  • MMSflux-Window.alpha_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [97.2 MB]

  • ---

  • Frame sets

  • MMSflux.alpha (1920x1080) [262144 Item(s)]
  • MMSflux (1920x1080) [262144 Item(s)]
  • MMSflux (3840x2160) [262144 Item(s)]
  • MMSflux.alpha (3840x2160) [262144 Item(s)]

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  • Images

  • MMSflux-Window.01562_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.1 KB]

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  • Hyperwall shows

  • MMSflux-Window_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [188 bytes]

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  Animated plot of current measured by the MMS spacecraft. This animation is frame-synchronized with the DataTour visualization above. It also plots the data at a higher time-resolution than DataTour. Colors correspond to the spacecraft doing the measurement. Red=MMS1, blue=MMS2, cyan=MMS3, yellow=MMS4.