Coronal Holes at Solar Minimum and Solar Maximum
A sample of solar coronal holes around the time of the maximum of sunspot activity (April 2014). Note the polar regions are devoid of coronal holes but a large hole appears in the southern hemisphere.
Coronal holes are large dark regions in the solar atmosphere that appear in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray wavelength imagery.
These holes are created by large regions of the solar magnetic field that have a single polarity (unipolar) and extend far out into the solar system. These are sometimes called 'open' magnetic field lines since they don't connect back to the Sun. The regions appear dark because they have a lower density of the hot coronal plasma. The open magnetic field lines make it easy for the charged plasma to stream away from the Sun, forming the fast component (about 700 kilometers per second) of the solar wind.
Coronal holes can form at any time during the 11-year solar cycle but are more prominent near solar minimum when persistent coronal holes can form near the Sun's polar regions. Coronal holes can grow and migrate to lower solar latitudes.
A sample of solar coronal holes around the time of the minimum of sunspot activity (October 2019). Note the coronal holes in the solar polar regions (near the top and bottom of the solar disk) and the large coronal hole across the Sun's equator.
Credits
Please give credit for this item to:
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
-
Visualizer
- Tom Bridgman (Global Science and Technology, Inc.)
-
Producer
- Joy Ng (USRA)
-
Technical support
- Laurence Schuler (ADNET Systems, Inc.)
- Ian Jones (ADNET Systems, Inc.)
Release date
This page was originally published on Tuesday, September 15, 2020.
This page was last updated on Wednesday, May 3, 2023 at 1:44 PM EDT.
Missions
This page is related to the following missions:Datasets used
-
AIA 193 (193 Filter) [SDO: AIA]
ID: 679This dataset can be found at: http://jsoc.stanford.edu/
See all pages that use this dataset
Note: While we identify the data sets used on this page, we do not store any further details, nor the data sets themselves on our site.
Used as a Source In
- ID: 13716
![VIDEO IN ENGLISH Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.The Sun is stirring from its latest slumber. As sunspots and flares, signs of a new solar cycle, bubble from the Sun’s surface, scientists are anticipating a flurry of solar activity over the next few years. Roughly every 11 years, at the height of this cycle, the Sun’s magnetic poles flip—on Earth, that’d be like the North and South Poles’ swapping places every decade—and the Sun transitions from sluggish to active and stormy. At its quietest, the Sun is at solar minimum; during solar maximum, the Sun blazes with bright flares and solar eruptions. In this video, view the Sun's disk from our space telescopes as it transitions from minimum to maximum in the solar cycle.Music credit: "Observance" by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS] from Universal Production Music](/vis/a010000/a013700/a013716/13716_SolarCycleFromSpace_YouTube.01410_print.jpg)
Produced Video